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The results are presented of the 3-years field trials conducted in 2003-2005 in the Production -Experimental Station in Bałcyny. The research aimed at evaluation of the effects of different doses of nitrogen fertilization: 0 (the control), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 kg N·ha-1 on yields of two maize cultivars: Junak (FAO 210-220) and Boruta (FAO 230-240) grown for silage The yield of silage raw material was detemined by weather conditions in the years of study. In the conditions of North-East Poland dry matter yields of the cultivars Junak and Boruta were similar and relatively high: 171,9 dt·ha-1 and 170,0 dt·ha-1, respectively. The dose of 150 N kg·ha-1 in cultivation of the silage maize caused the highest yield increase characterized also by a favourable participation of cobs...

The aim of the field experiment conducted in the years 2007–2009 at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Department in Jadwisin, was to assess the nitrogen utilization from mineral fertilizers by tubers of potato cultivars showing low (cv. Asterix), medium (cv. Wiking) and high (cv. Maryna) requirements in relation to this component. The investigations were carried out on light soil fertilized organically with straw and after crop of white mustard. Five levels of nitrogen fertilization were applied: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N·ha-1 with stable phosphorus and potassium levels of 52.3 kg·ha-1 and 149.4 kg·ha-1, respectively...

The investigations were carried out under field conditions in Bonin (the northern region of Poland) in the years 2006-2008. The aim of the work was to determine and compare infection pressure of PVY, PVM, PVS and PLRV at different periods of the growing season. In accordance with the established methodology, every 10 days between 21 May and 1 September healthy test plants were exhibited in the field, in the number of 20 (2006 and 2007) or 30 (2008). Test plants were 7–10 days old and they were grown in an insect-proof greenhouse in pots with a 18 cm in diameter, filled with a mixture of peat soil and compost.

The assessment of usefulness of a decision support system (DSS) NegFry for chemical control of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was carried out at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Department of Potato Protection and Seed Science in Bonin in the years 2007–2008. The DSS NegFry was compared to different potato protection systems. The results obtained show that plant protection performed according to NegFry system significantly restricted late blight development and reduced the number of fungicide treatments by two in comparison to the conventional protection method (7 treatments)...

In the experiment carried out in the vegetation hall the possibility of using Silphium perfoliatum L. in phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead and cadmium was studied. It was shown that this species has taken up a small quantity of lead during one growing season and that there was no change in cadmium content in the plants throughout the experiment. Silphium perfoliatum accumulated from 10.77 to 29.26 mg Pb·kg-1 d.m. in the aboveground vegetative parts. These values were significantly higher than those measured for plants used as the control...

Endophytic fungi from the genus Neotyphodium are able to cause asymptomatic infection in their grass hosts. Grass species that are most often infested by endophytes include meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.), tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The aim of our study was to estimate the endophyte incidence in swards of 31 permanent grasslands in the Mazovia region. The study objects were ecotypes of the following species...

Ten fodder grass mixtures, available on the domestic market, were tested for the incidence of endophytic fungi using the immunoblot method. All the mixtures were found to be colonized by endophytes, irrespective of the grass species composition and the mixtures usage (pasture or meadow). The occurrence of endophytes was highest in perennial ryegrass, red fescue and smoothstalked meadowgrass. It may be conclude from the results obtained that using seed material of undetermined level of endophyte colonization on newly sown or regenerated meadows and/or pastures can result in causing the unintended endophyte contamination of previously endophyte-free areas...

The survey was aimed at analyzing the extent as well as spatial and time distribution of damages caused by wild boars at a six-year interval in two adjacent hunting areas characterized by various agrocenose structures. The two hunting areas are localized in the Lublin Upland and are leased by the same hunting society, which makes similar the operations referring to the hunting management. In one of the hunting areas both the number and area of damages done by wild boars remained at the same level over the period of survey...

The search for a new model of multi-functional agriculture, developing in a balanced and sustainable way, requires the support of science. The new environmental, economic and social conditions pose further challenges for scientists. Meeting these challenges requires interdisciplinary but integrated action. International scientific societies can play an important role in this action. The European Society for Agronomy, bringing together scientists of many specialties, was the organizer of the Congress devoted to multifunctional agriculture and in particular to new sources of energy and environmental preservation (10th Congress of the ESA: Multi-functional Agriculture...

The results are presented of methodological research analysis on preliminary breeding trials with spring barley. Establishing optimal incomplete block size, plot size and assessment of trial locations for the considered trials were the main aims of the research...

At early stage of cereal plant breeding when the number of tested lines is high, so-called unreplicated trials are often used for their comparison. As the cost of harvesting and yield weighing is high, some breeders tend to replace weighing by visual assessment. In the paper three methods of selection of best lines are compared: the method of moving average (R), the method of visual assessment (B) and the combined method which is based on both yield measurement and visual assessment (BP)...

In the paper the results of analysis of an unreplicated breeding experiments with 165 hybrids of rye (Secale cereale L.) are reported. The experiments were carried out at four locations: Choryń, Nagradowice, Wierzenica and Laski. The cultivar Balistic was used as a standard. The standard was systematically placed in the experimental fields among the tested hybrids. The following traits were observed and measured...

The paper presents the results obtained in two series of field investigations carried out at the Experimental farm, Zawady, owned by the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. The experiments were set up in three replications, using a split-plot design. In the years 1999–2001 the following factors were examined: I line — weed control methods: 1. control object — mechanical cultivation; 2. mechanical cultivation + Sencor 70 WG + Fusilade Super 125 EC; 3. mechanical cultivation + Sencor 70 WG + Fusilade Super 125 EC + adjuvant Olbras 88 EC. II line — potato cultivars...

The field experiment was carried out in 2005–2007. It was set up in a split blocks design. The effects of two factors were evaluated: I — two potato cultivars (Irga and Balbina), II — four methods of weed control: 1. mechanical weed control alone as a control object, 2. combined mechanical and chemical weed control, including ridging and harrowing before potato emergence and treatment with herbicide Plateen 41,4 WG at a dose of 2.0 kg·ha-1immediately before the emergence of potato plants...

The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady, belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. The experimental factors were two tillage systems (traditional and simplified) and seven methods of weed control by herbicides. The investigations were aimed to evaluate the effects of different tillage systems and different herbicide combinations on elimination of weeds in potato crop. The number of weeds both at the beginning of potato vegetation and just before tubers harvest was found to depend on the tillage system, weed control method and weather conditions in the vegetation periods...

The investigations were performed on samples collected in the field experiment carried out at the Experimental Station in Zawady in the years 2002–2004. The experimental factors included two soil tillage systems and seven weed control methods in potato. Total contet of nitrogen was estimated according to the method recommended by Kjeldahl, that of phosphorus — according to the colorimetric method, and content of potassium using the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS)...

The objective of the study was to determine the optimum start and end dates of the potato storage season in various regions of Poland. Three groups of the crop were considered: processing potatoes, requiring the long term storage temperature of 8°C, table potatoes, which require 5°C, and seed potatoes, which require 3°C. The analysis based on meteorological data of air temperature 10-days...

In the years 2005–2007 field experiments aimed at the evaluation of the effect of a cultivation system on yielding and seed value of five potato cultivars were carried out at the Research and Development Station in Pawłowice. The experimental factors were as follows: 1 — ecological system of cultivation (organic fertilization, mechanical weed control, protection against potato late blight using copper preparations) vs. conventional system of cultivation (organic and mineral fertilization, chemical control of weeds, aphids and potato late blight, 2 — potato cultivars (reproduced from BII in 2005): Felka, Karatop, Asterix, Pirol and Syrena...

The field experiments conducted in the years 2005–2007 at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Department of Seed Science and Plant Protection in Bonin were aimed to estimate the influence of weather conditions (temperature, rainfall) in the period June-August and of the level of resistance of 32 selected potato cultivars on the rate of late blight development, time of 50% haulm destruction and the percentage of haulm destruction at the end of a growing season. The highest values of estimated parameters were recorded for the group of susceptible cultivars...

The inference on a value for cultivation and use (VCU) of new varieties is usually drawn from results of series of trials performed in different environments (trial stations, locations) over a period of 3–4 years. Similar series of trials are also performed for post-registration investigations. A size of series (number of locations) depends on the economic importance of a plant species and varies (in Poland) from very few trials for less important species to several dozens for the most important ones. There is a permanent economical pressure on reducing a size of series...

Main goal of the investigation was evaluation of response of two winter wheat varieties of different plant height (Zyta -tall, Kris — short) to application of reduced doses of fluroxypyr + 2,4D mixture. The field experiments were carried out at the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznań, in the years 2006 and 2007. In order to assess competition of the wheat varieties to weed community, data were collected on weeds composition, number of weed plants per area and their fresh biomass...

eed lots of five winter triticale cultivars were sown in post-control plots at the Experimental Station of Cultivars Testing in Zybiszów in the years 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004. Certified seeds of the 1st generation (C/1) were predominant (183) among all the lots. In total, 297 experimental plots including 75, 73, 67, 47 and 35 plots for cvs Woltario, Lamberto, Fidelio, Kitaro and Magnat, respectively, were set up...

Resistance of 28 winter triticale cultivars to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was studied under field conditions in the years 2002–2004. Average FHB severity was 23.3%. Cultivar reaction ranged from 14.1 to 39.9%. The majority of triticale cultivars was weakly or medium infected and did not differ significantly. Five cultivars were highly infected, significantly higher than the remaining ones...

The aim of the study was to assess and compare a number of other seeds in organic seed material in three phases of production: directly after seed harvest, in seeds prepared for laboratory certification (after cleaning) and after seed certification. The experiment was carried out in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006. Seeds were sampled from organic certified seed crops of spring cereals. In successive years, 9, 11 and 7 samples were analyzed. Two to four cultivars of oats, wheat and barley in each year of harvest were included...

Results of analysis are presented for plant and ear morphological structure and components of grain yield per plant in two forms of spring barley: susceptible (Pallas cv.) and resistant (isogenic line P13) to powdery mildew. Analyses of some morphological traits of plant as stem length, total number of stems per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, number of unmatured tillers per plant, number of dry tillers per plant investigated at the ripening stage, showed no differences between these two forms of spring barley...

Rising pollution of the environment, progressive shortage of natural resources, and rising costs of getting conventional fuel caused a search for alternative energy sources. The aim of the paper was to indicate the varieties of corn useful in production of bioethanol for the sake of high amylolythic activity of the grain...

The paper presents results of biological progress estimation in breeding, seed production and field production of potato in Poland. The changes in resistance to some pathogens have been analyzed in potato cultivars from the National Register of the years 1957–2003 and in the production of the years 1986–2003. Resistances to late blight, common scab, and PVY, PLRV viral diseases have been estimated. Among the registered cultivars...

Data from survey investigation were used for description of changes in potato production on farms within the years 1986–2003. The technological Progress was estimated as significant. Distinct improvements occurred in preparation of soil, chemical control and choice of high yielding cultivars. On the other hand, small changes have been stated in use of qualified seed material and mineral nutrition. In the period of investigation, share of farms using the advantageous cultivation technology grew regularly...

The paper presents results of biological progress estimation in breeding, seed technology and production of potato in Poland. On the basis of the components of biological progress estimated in previous parts of the work, their participation in explanation of variation of yields has been rated in experiments and field production. An analysis of collinearity and interaction of the biological progress components has been performed. All parts of the presented series have been summarized...

The paper presents results of the studies carried out in 2002–2005, which aimed to assess the influence of intercrop fertilization on table potato yield and its structure under conditions of East-Central Poland. The following combinations of intercrop fertilization were applied: control object (without intercrop fertilization), farmyard manure, undersown crop (red clover, Italian ryegrass), stubble catch crop (oil radish, oil radish — mulch). The content of dry mass and macroelements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) in biomass of intercrops was determined...

The paper presents results of the investigations conducted in the years 2001–2004, which aimed to assess the influence of undersown crops and stubble catch crops on yielding of potatoes cultivated under changing weather conditions. The following combinations of intercrop fertilization were applied: control object (without intercrop fertilization), farmyard manure, undersown crop (black medic, black medic + Italian ryegrass), stubble catch crop (phacelia, phacelia — mulch)...

In the experiment conducted in the years 2005–2008 at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, division Jadwisin, the development potential of potato plants depending on their origin and tuber size was assessed. Eight Polish and eight foreign cultivars were tested. The foreign cultivars, compared to the Polish ones, exhibited a pattern of plant development that enabled reaching high tuber yield. Namely, despite the greater number of eyes on seed tubers of a comparable size, the plants produced by tubers of foreign cultivars were characterized by a comparatively smaller number of stems...

The aim of the investigations carried out in the years 2004–2007 was to assess the losses in mass of potato tubers of 10 cultivars stored at 3°C, 5°C or 8°C. After a 6-month storage season natural losses, losses caused by tuber diseases and those caused by sprouting were estimated. The date of beginning and intensity of tuber sprouting during storage at different temperatures were determined...

Over 30 years of evaluating in Poland the resistance of potato to Synchytrium endobioticum by the Glynne-Lemmerzahl method, the resistance scale pattern has evolved to its final version that is acceptable to other Members of EU. In 1980, the first scale focused on the occurrence of sori. This approach allowed to eliminate susceptible breeding lines and recognize resistant lines. However, there was no possibility to discriminate between extremely resistant, resistant and weakly resistant lines...

The study aimed at evaluating the damage extent in two years (10 years increment) in the field hunting area localized in Lublin Upland. During the studied period, the extent of damages — taking into account the reduced area — was twice as much at only symbolic increase in the number of damages under liquidation...

The paper presents factor analysis as a method to assess the multivariable variation of objects. The exact description of this method is presented, together with an indication of how it should be performed in the SAS® System. Multivariable variation of turf cultivars of Poa pratensis L. was analyzed. There were five common factors responsible for more than eighty percent of the observed variability. Interpretation of these common factors was attempted...

The aim of this study was to present the use of uni- and multivariate statistic analysis for evaluation of initial material diversity in wheat breeding. Material for the studies included 18 winter wheat cultivars utilized in breeding programs. The field experiment was carried out in the randomized block design with three replications...

The investigations were conducted on part of winter wheat working collection from the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, the Department of Cereals Crops in Cracow. Fifty-one genotypes (cultivars and clones) were evaluated in the years 1999–2002. Yield structure traits and susceptibility to the most important winter wheat diseases were assessed...

In experimental design and plant breeding a wide adaptation degree of the cultivar is understood as the combined information on genotypic mean of yield and Shukla’s stability variance, to serve as a measure of the degree of yield stability of this cultivar in a given region of its cultivation. If both the genotypic yield mean and the degree of yield stability of the cultivar increase, the degree of wide adaptation of this cultivar also increases. The effective measures for wide adaptation degree of cultivars are expected to represent the combined information on a genotypic mean of yield and stability variance...

The aim of the work was to distinguish from among 13 traits of grain technological quality one trait or a group of traits exhibiting high discriminatory power to evaluate 102 winter wheat experimental objects, followed by grouping the objects characterized by similar technological quality. Two multivariate methods: factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied...